DOUGLAS N. FRAZIER, United States Magistrate Judge.
This Cause is before the Court on Defendants, Naples Community Hospital, Inc. and NCH Healthcare System, Inc.'s Dispositive Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 41) filed on May 18, 2011, and the Plaintiff, Lucinda Marie Jenks, as Personal Representative for the Estate of Dorine Olson's Memorandum in Opposition to Defendants' Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 47) filed on June 8, 2011. The Defendants move for summary judgment on all claims brought by the Plaintiff. The parties consented to proceed before a
Under FED.R.CIV.P. 56(c) a motion for summary judgment is proper "if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." The burden of establishing the absence of a genuine material fact is on the moving party. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986), Baby Buddies, Inc. v. Toys R Us, Inc., 611 F.3d 1308, 1314 (11th Cir.2010) (citation omitted). An issue is "genuine" if there is sufficient evidence such that a reasonable jury could return a verdict for either party. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). A fact is "material" if it may affect the outcome of the suit under governing law. Id.
Once this burden is met the nonmoving party must "go beyond the pleadings and by her own affidavits, or by the `depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, designate specific facts showing that there is a genuine issue for trial.'" Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548, Rice-Lamar v. City of Ft. Lauderdale, Fla., 232 F.3d 836, 840 (11th Cir.2000). In order to avoid the entry of summary judgment, a party faced with a properly supported summary judgment motion must come forward with extrinsic evidence, i.e., affidavits, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and/or admissions, which are sufficient to establish the existence of the essential elements to that party's case, and the elements on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548, Hilburn v. Murata Elecs. N. Am., Inc. 181 F.3d 1220, 1225 (11th Cir.1999). When the nonmoving party fails to make a sufficient showing of an essential element of the case to which the nonmoving party has the burden of proof, the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505.
In making this determination, the Court must view all of the evidence and draw all reasonable inferences in a light most favorable to the non-moving party. Scott v. Harris, 550 U.S. 372, 378, 127 S.Ct. 1769, 167 L.Ed.2d 686 (2007); Tana v. Dantanna's, 611 F.3d 767, 772 (11th Cir.2010). The Court does not weigh conflicting evidence or make credibility determinations. Hilburn, 181 F.3d at 1225 (11th Cir.1999). "If the record presents factual issues, the court must not decide them; it must deny the motion and proceed to trial." Tullius v. Albright, 240 F.3d 1317, 1320 (11th Cir. 2001), citing, Clemons v. Dougherty County, Ga., 684 F.2d 1365, 1369 (11th Cir. 1982).
Dorine Olson, the decedent, began her employment with the Defendant, Naples Community Hospital, Inc.
On February 2, 2009, Human Resources at the Hospital received Ms. Olson's request for Family and Medical Leave Act ("FMLA") leave due to her diagnosis of breast cancer. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A, ¶ 6, Doc. 42, Exh. C). Ms. Olson's physician, Joel Grossman, M.D. requested intermittent leave on Ms. Olson's behalf, stating that Ms. Olson had advanced breast cancer and would require leave for chemotherapy and "aggressive treatments." (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A, ¶ 6, Doc. 42, Exh. C, FMLA form). On February 4, 2009, the Hospital approved Ms. Olson's FMLA leave. (Doc. 42, Exh. C). Human Resources notified Ms. Olson's supervisors, Barry Hawthorne, the interim Assistant Chief Nursing Officer and Director of TNR, and Linda Gipson, Vice President and Chief Nursing Officer of Ms. Olson's FMLA leave so they could allow her to leave work as needed. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A, ¶ 6). Ms. Olson shared her medical problems with other employees at the Hospital and her diagnosis and treatments were common knowledge of the Hospital staff. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A ¶ 6).
Ms. Olson used her FMLA leave as needed throughout the remainder of her employment with the Hospital. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A ¶ 7). Ms. Olson had not exhausted her entitlement to FMLA leave before she passed away in June 2010. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A ¶ 7). Human Resources has no record of Ms. Olson ever complaining that she was unable to use or take leave as needed. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A ¶ 7). Ms. Olson was treated at the Hospital and ultimately passed away there. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A ¶ 7).
In 2009, Barry Hawthorne was the interim Director of TNR at the Hospital. (Doc. 42, Gipson Depo. Exh. 1, p. 8). Linda Gipson, Chief Nursing Officer and Hawthorne's supervisor determined that TNR needed significant "process improvement" at that time. (Doc. 42, Gipson Depo., Exh. 1, p. 8; Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 3). Gipson asked Hawthorne to focus on staffing processes and procedures and updating them when needed. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 3). Hawthorne determined that a new mid-level managerial position in TNR needed to be created, titled "TNR Coordinator" and this position would report directly to him. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl., Exh. F, ¶ 3, Doc. 42, Gipson Depo. Exh. 1, p. 8). He obtained approval for the position. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 3). TNR ensures that the right staff in the right quantities is at the right place at the right time throughout the hospital. (Doc. 42, Gipson Depo. Exh. 1 p. 43). TNR Coordinator ensures that the staffing is appropriate to properly care for patients, while at the same time balances the financial requirements of the staffing so as not to overstaff and cause a financial deficit
Hawthorne decided to promote Ms. Olson to the new position of TNR Coordinator. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F ¶ 4). He consulted with Ms. Gipson prior to promoting Ms. Olson. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F ¶ 4). Ms. Gipson had concerns about promoting Ms. Olson to this position including whether Ms. Olson was a good fit for the increased responsibilities of the new position and her other concern was that Ms. Olson had not previously been in a managerial position. (Doc. 42, Gipson Depo. Exh. 1, p. 16; Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 4). Hawthorne "campaigned" for the promotion for Ms. Olson truly believing that she could handle the new position, and agreeing to provide supervision, support and education to her. (Doc. 42, Gipson Depo. Exh. 1, p. 16; Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 4). Hawthorne did express concerns to Gipson that Ms. Olson may not have had the cognitive ability, the mathematical skills, and the anticipatory skills to be successful in the position because she had never had the opportunity to use these skills in her prior positions. (Doc. 42, Gipson Depo. Exh. 1, p. 16-17). Hawthorne was hopeful that Ms. Olson would be able to handle the new position, and he was going to take her "under his wing and teach her." (Doc. 42, Gipson Depo. Exh. 1, p. 17).
On March 15, 2009, Ms. Olson was promoted to the new position of TNR Coordinator. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 8). In accordance with Hospital policies, Ms. Olson began a 90-day introductory/probationary period. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 9). The purpose of the introductory/probationary period is to determine whether the new employee is a good fit for the position, and whether the employee likes the new job. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 9). During the probationary period, Hawthorne interacted with Ms. Olson almost every day, and he observed her performance closely. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 5). Hawthorne found Ms. Olson to be struggling with the position from the outset. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 6). TNR Coordinator required "flexibility, forethought, and strategic planning" and according to Hawthorne, Ms. Olson never managed to transition to this "higher level functioning." (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 6).
Hawthorne found that Ms. Olson's performance did improve over the 90-day probationary period, but he continued to be concerned that she would not succeed in her new position. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 7). Hawthorne consulted Thigpen in the Hospital's Human Resources Department about the possibility of extending Ms. Olson's probationary period. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 7; Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 10). Hawthorne told Thigpen that he wanted to continue the probationary period because Ms. Olson was struggling to meet the essential job requirements and he wanted to give her additional time to improve her performance. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7 ¶ 10). Thigpen approved Hawthorne's request for extension of the probationary period, and Ms. Olson's probationary period was extended for an additional 60 days. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 10).
On June 29, 2009, Hawthorne extended the introductory/probationary period, and met with Ms. Olson to extend the probationary period and review her performance and the areas where she was not meeting the standards of the job. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne
(Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 8; Doc. 48, Exh. A of Exh. M). Ms. Olson received a copy of the Extension of Introductory Period form and showed it to her co-worker Louis LaFemina. (Doc. 42, Louis LaFemina Depo. Exh. 3, p. 28-29).
Shortly thereafter, on July 31, 2009, Hawthorne left the employ of the Hospital. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 9). Prior to leaving the Hospital, Hawthorne met with Gipson, and the new interim Director for TNR, Melody Bacon. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 9, 10). Gipson recalls that Hawthorne regretted offering TNR Coordinator position to Ms. Olson because despite his help, he did not feel that she was able to meet the job expectations that the department required. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Depo. Exh. 1, p. 25). Hawthorne told Gipson that he extended Ms. Olson's probation hoping that she could meet the expectations of her new supervisor, but he felt that he had made an error in recommending her. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Depo. Exh. 1, p. 25). He apologized to Ms. Gipson for selecting Ms. Olson for the position as he was afraid that she would never be able to succeed and he would not be at the Hospital "to manage the process through to the end, whatever that ended up being." (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F, ¶ 9).
In his meeting with Bacon, the new interim Director for TNR, Hawthorne told Bacon about Olson's extension of probation. (Doc. 48, Hawthorne Decl. Exh. F,
After taking the interim Director for TNR position, Bacon interacted with Ms. Olson virtually every day. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 7). Bacon found that Ms. Olson was "over her head" meaning that TNR Coordinator position required a person to multi-task and Ms. Olson was unable to keep up with the requirements of the position. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 7). Thigpen knew that Bacon was following Hawthorne's action plan as she supervised Ms. Olson's performance in the specific areas listed by Hawthorne. (Doc. 48, Thigpen Decl. Exh. A, ¶ 12). Bacon developed a chart to track Ms. Olson's performance on a daily basis. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 8). On this chart, Bacon listed the following areas where Ms. Olson was deficient:
(Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 8, and Exh. B to Bacon Decl.). At the conclusion of the extended probationary period, Bacon determined that Ms. Olson had not met the goals outlines in the Extension of Introductory Period form. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 10). Bacon discussed Ms. Olson's performance with Bacon's supervisor Gipson, and also with Thigpen telling Thigpen that Ms. Olson had not succeeded in achieving the goals set forth by Hawthorne. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 10; Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 1, ¶ 12). Thigpen asked Bacon to outline the areas where Ms. Olson had failed to meet the goals set forth in the Extension of The Introductory Period form, which she did. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 10; Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 1, ¶ 12). Bacon decided to remove Olson from TNR Coordinator position, and Thigpen approved. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 10; Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 1, ¶ 12).
On August 27, 2009, Bacon prepared an Extension of Introductory Review form indicating that Ms. Olson did not satisfactorily complete her probationary period and the extension of her probationary period. (Doc. 42, Bacon Decl. Exh. 5, ¶ 12, and
The Hospital placed Ms. Olson in a Timekeeper position while she searched for a permanent position. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 14). This accommodation was not typical, however the Hospital wanted to ensure that Ms. Olson would not have a break in employment or pay so they placed her in a temporary Timekeeper position. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 14). Ms. Olson obtained a permanent position on September 27, 2009 as a Unit Secretary. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 14). On February 14, 2010, Ms. Olson requested a transfer to a different Unit Secretary position which was approved. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 14). She had this position until her death on June 12, 2010. (Doc. 42, Thigpen Decl. Exh. 7, ¶ 14).
Ms. Olson purportedly wrote a brief "diary" or journal of six pages in length. (Doc. 48, Exh. G). The "diary" is not signed and has dates within it, but with the exception of August 27, 2009, does not have specific dates related to the entries. (Doc. 48, Exh. G). It is unknown when the diary was created or for what purpose. The diary is handwritten and may have been written at one sitting as the handwriting is very consistent from page to page. The Defendants assert that the diary is not admissible based upon hearsay. The Plaintiff argues that the diary is admissible as it is subject to a hearsay exception.
A summary of the contents of the "diary" are as follows. The diary has an entry which explains that in 2009, Ms. Olson was diagnosed with stage 4 breast cancer which had metastasized to other areas including her spine, ribs, and bones. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 1). On February 2, 2009, Ms. Olson completed her FMLA paperwork and informed her immediate boss of the situation. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 1). On March 15, 2009 she was promoted to TNR Coordinator. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 1). On April 13, 2009, she had a right mastectomy and had her ovaries removed. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 2). She returned to work on May 4, 2009, and in February she began chemotherapy treatments which she scheduled on Friday afternoons. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 2). On June 26, 2009, Ms. Olson received her 90 day evaluation from Hawthorne and all the boxes were checked. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 2). Hawthorne gave her five goals to work towards and achieve. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 2-3). Hawthorne extended "it" for 60 days, until August 28, 2009. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 3). During the 60-day period, Ms. Olson spoke numerous times with Gipson and Bacon about her progress and she "was told I was fine, not to worry." (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 3).
On August 27, 2009, Ms. Olson had a meeting with Bacon and Gipson. (Doc. 48, Exh. G, p. 3). Gipson told Ms. Olson that she "was not the right person for the job,
The Defendants assert that there is no admissible evidence from Ms. Olson. They argue that the unauthenticated, undated diary is not admissible, and that the testimony that supports the Plaintiff's case from Lynn LaFemina or Louis LaFemina is not admissible as it is hearsay. Further, the Defendants assert that the Plaintiff's claims for discrimination based upon her disability fail as a matter of law as the Defendants did not discriminate against Ms. Olson. Further, the Defendants did not retaliate against Ms. Olson for using FMLA leave, did not participate in any outrageous conduct to inflict intentional emotional distress, and the Plaintiff failed to state a claim for negligent supervision and retention.
The Defendants argue that the purported diary of Ms. Olson is a handwritten, undated, unsigned, and unverified document and therefore, is not admissible as evidence in this case to defeat summary judgment. Pursuant to FED. R. CIV. P. 56(c)(2), "[a] party may object that the material cited to support or dispute a fact cannot be presented in a form that would be admissible in evidence." "Generally, evidence inadmissible at trial may not be considered on a motion for summary judgment." Ekokotu v. Federal Exp. Corp., 408 Fed.Appx. 331, 335 (11th Cir.2011)
The Defendants assert that the unsworn, unsigned, undated diary is hearsay and does not fall within one of the exceptions.
Ms. Olson's diary does not have the guarantees of exceptional trustworthiness required by Rule 807 or found in other exceptions to the hearsay rule. There is no evidence of when Ms. Olson wrote the diary entries. Although not substantiated, it appears that the diary was written on or after August 27, 2009, the date that the Hospital informed Ms. Olson that she was no longer TNR Coordinator. However, how close in time to the meeting is unknown. According to the Plaintiff's Memorandum (Doc. 47), Ms. Olson filed her Equal Employment Opportunity Commission charge on September 1, 2009, which was within days from the date listed in the diary. Even assuming that Lynn LaFemina can verify that the writing was Ms. Olson's, the alleged factual statements in the diary are self-serving and possibly were made in anticipation of litigation, and have no indicia of trustworthiness as is required by Rule 807. Therefore, the Court does not find that the diary is admissible pursuant to FED.R.EVID. 807.
The Plaintiff asserts that diary should be admitted as evidence of her state of mind under FED.R.EVID. 803(3)
The Defendants assert that the testimony of Lynn LaFemina and Louis LaFemina
The Plaintiff also argues Ms. Olson's statements to Lynn LaFemina fall under the exception found in FED.R.EVID. 803(2) and (3). Rule 803(2) provides that an exception to hearsay when "[a] statement relating to a startling event or condition [is] made while the declarant was under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition." FED. R. EVID. 803(2). Assuming that losing the position as TNR Coordinator was a "startling event or condition," the Plaintiff has failed to show that Ms. Olson remained "under the stress of excitement caused by the event or condition" the remainder of the day and into the evening hours when she related the meeting to Lynn LaFemina. The element of trustworthiness of the statement is the reaction while under the stress when receiving the information, and the Plaintiff has failed to show that Ms. Olson's level of
The Plaintiff raises the argument that Ms. Olson's statements to Lynn LaFemina also fall under the then existing mental, emotional, or physical condition exception to the hearsay rule. Pursuant to FED. R. EVID. 803(3), an exception to hearsay exists when a "statement [is made] of the declarant's then existing state of mind, emotion, sensation, or physical condition (such as intent, plan, motive, design, mental feeling, pain, and bodily health), but not including a statement of memory or belief to prove the fact remembered or believed unless it relates to the execution, revocation, identification, or terms of declarant's will." As stated above, before admitting evidence regarding the declarant's then existing state of mind, the declarant's state of mind must be a relevant issue. T. Harris Young & Associates, Inc. v. Marquette Electronics, Inc., 931 F.2d 816, 827-28 (11th Cir.1991). In the instant case, the Plaintiff has failed to show that her state of mind is relevant to the issues in the case. Therefore, the Court finds that Ms. Olson's statements to Lynn LaFemina are hearsay and not admissible for the purposes of summary judgment.
In the Second Amended Complaint (Doc. 28) filed on August 31, 2010, the Plaintiff brings claims in Count I under the Florida Civil Right Act of 1992 ("FCRA"); in Count II for Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress; in Count III for Negligent Supervision and Retention of Employee; in Count IV for violation of the Family and Medical Leave Act, 29 U.S.C. § 2615 ("FMLA"); in Count V under the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 U.S.C. § 12101 ("ADA"); and in Count VI under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 ("Rehabilitation Act"). The Defendants move for summary judgment on all of these claims.
Plaintiff's claims brought under the ADA, Rehabilitation Act, and FCRA are all analyzed under the same standard. Kaw v. School District of Hillsborough County, 2009 WL 248246 *5 (M.D.Fla. Jan. 30, 2009) (citing Cash v. Smith, 231 F.3d 1301, 1305 (11th Cir.2000) ("Discrimination claims under the Rehabilitation Act are governed by the same standards as used in ADA cases" and "[c]ases decided under the Rehabilitation Act are precedent for cases under the ADA, and vice versa.")), and Greenberg v. BellSouth Telecomm., Inc., 498 F.3d 1258, 1263-64 (11th Cir. 2007) (claims under the FCRA are analyzed in the same manner as ADA and Rehabilitation Act claims); and Chanda v. Engelhard/ICC, 234 F.3d 1219, 1221 (11th Cir.2000).
In this case, the Plaintiff's evidence of discrimination is indirect, therefore, the Court will use the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework. The same burden-shifting framework used in Title VII found in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973) is employed in ADA discrimination cases, and used for Rehabilitation Act and FCRA claims as well. Palmer v. Albertson's LLC, 418 Fed.Appx. 885, 887 (11th Cir.2011). To establish a
The Defendants argue that there is no evidence of discrimination in this case, and no evidence of pretext.
The Plaintiff must rebut all of the legitimate reasons why Bacon found Ms. Olson deficient as TNR coordinator and show that the reasons were false, and that discrimination was the real reason. See, St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 515, 113 S.Ct. 2742, 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993). The Plaintiff argues that the Defendants created a false sense of security by constantly reassuring Ms. Olson that she was doing fine. Further, the Plaintiff cites to Ms. Olson's diary where she wrote that Gipson said, "To the contrary, because you have cancer we have been more lenient and let you get away with more because no one wanted to hurt [your] feelings." Even assuming that Gipson made this statement which is contested by Gipson, and even assuming that the Plaintiff is able to produce evidence that she was told she was doing "fine" and "not to worry," these statements alone do not show that each and every reason listed by Hawthorne and then Bacon as to the deficiencies of Ms. Olson were pretextual. Ms. Olson was on probation for a 90-day period of time. Even though Hawthorne checked the box that Ms. Olson was making satisfactory progress, it was clear from his comments and his extension of the probationary period by 60 days, that Ms. Olson was not able to meet the requirements of TNR Coordinator and needed additional time to be fully satisfactory in that position. Further, Ms. Bacon stated that she met with Ms. Olson on 3 occasions to discuss the Extension. The Plaintiff has failed to show that each reason for Ms. Olson's removal as TNR Coordinator was false and that discrimination was the real reason for her removal from that position.
The Plaintiff relies heavily on the case of Vaughn v. Edel, 918 F.2d 517 (5th Cir. 1990) for the proposition that when an employer fails to reprimand an employee for errors in her job performance, and this decision was racially motivated and eventually the employee is terminated, the employer's behavior is discriminatory. In Vaughn, the employer gave no criticisms, feedback or suggestions for improvement to the plaintiff. Vaughn, 918 F.2d at 519. The Plaintiff's supervisor told another employee not to criticize the plaintiff's work, and wrote on evaluations that the plaintiff's work was "satisfactory." Id. While not criticizing the plaintiff, the employer did place a co-worker in a 90-day improvement program. Id. at 522. The plaintiff was eventually terminated. Id. at 519. In Vaughn, the court held that an employer may not withhold training from an employee and then discharge the employee because of poor performance. Id.
The instant case is not similar. There is no dispute that Ms. Olson was informed of her job deficiencies when she met with Hawthorne. Further, rather than permanently approving Ms. Olson as TNR Coordinator, Hawthorne extended the probationary period by 60 days. This action notified Ms. Olson that she was not satisfactorily performing as TNR Coordinator. Further, Bacon met with Ms. Olson on at least 3 occasions and discussed the Extension form with her. Even if the Court admitted the hearsay evidence in Ms. Olson's diary or the hearsay testimony of Lynn LaFemina as to the state of mind of Ms. Olson that she was "flabbergasted" that she was removed from the position of TNR Coordinator, the factual evidence of the probationary period and the extension of the probationary period would not support Ms. Olson's state of mind.
The Plaintiff also cites to Biggs v. State of Florida, Board of Regents, 1998 WL 1069456 (N.D.Fla. Oct. 28, 1998) for the proposition that even though the Court in
The Defendants argue that the Plaintiff claims that the Defendants terminated Ms. Olson without offering her a reasonable accommodation. The Defendants assert that Ms. Olson failed to request a reasonable accommodation. An employer discriminates against an employee if the employee is a qualified individual and the employer does not reasonably accommodate that individual's disability. Anderson v. Embarq/Sprint, 379 Fed. Appx. 924, 927 (11th Cir.2010). The duty to provide a reasonable accommodation "is not triggered unless a specific demand for an accommodation has been made." Gaston v. Bellingrath Gardens & Home, Inc., 167 F.3d 1361, 1363 (11th Cir.1999)
The Plaintiff argues that her FMLA documents which were approved by Ms. Olson's employers were her request for a reasonable accommodation. The Plaintiff argues that the paperwork showed that fatigue was a side effect of Ms. Olson's cancer, and Dr. Grossman indicated that Ms. Olson would experience periodic "episodic flare-ups." The Plaintiff then concludes that Ms. Olson would need additional break periods as a reasonable accommodation due to her handicap. However, there is no evidence that Ms. Olson specifically asked for additional breaks or for long absences from her desk, and there is no evidence that the Defendants denied any such requests. Further, the Defendants granted Ms. Olson's other requests for time off for medical reasons. Even if construed as a request for a reasonable accommodation, the FMLA documentation does not request additional breaks nor does it request additional time away from her work station. The reasonable accommodation must be specific and Ms. Olson failed to make a specific request for accommodation.
The Defendants asserts that there is no evidence that the Defendants regarded Ms. Olson as disabled. A plaintiff may establish a prima facie case of discrimination based on a perceived disability. Cox v. City of Tampa, 418 Fed. Appx. 845, 846 (11th Cir.2011). "`[A] person is regarded as disabled within the meaning of the [Americans with Disabilities Act] if a covered entity mistakenly believes that the person's actual, nonlimiting impairment substantially limits one or more major life activities, [citation omitted] to the extent that the person is precluded
The Plaintiff argues that the unrequested leniencies given to Ms. Olson due to her cancer and the remark of Gipson that Ms. Olson was treated more leniently because she had cancer, show that she was perceived to be disabled. The Plaintiff has failed to provide any evidence that the Defendants believed that Ms. Olson was substantially limited in a major life activity which precluded her from more than one type of job. The record is clear that the Defendants and all the employees involved knew that Ms. Olson had cancer, but that recognition is not enough to show that the Defendants believed she was limited in a major life activity. Further, even though the Defendants removed Ms. Olson from her position as TNR Coordinator they helped her to find another job with the Hospital. The Defendants found that Ms. Olson was unable to meet the requirements of one job, TNR Coordinator but not all jobs at the Hospital. The Court finds that the Plaintiff has failed to show that the Defendants perceived Ms. Olson as disabled. Therefore, the Plaintiff has failed to establish a claim for discrimination under the ADA, FCRA, or Rehabilitation Act and these claim must be dismissed.
The Defendants argue that if the Plaintiff is attempting to assert an FMLA retaliation claim in Count IV, then that claim fails. The Plaintiff asserts in her response that she is alleging both an FMLA retaliation claim and an interference claim.
To establish an FMLA retaliation claim without direct evidence, the Court employs the same burden shifting framework in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973) as stated above. To establish a prima facie case, the Plaintiff must show that (1) Ms. Olson engaged in a statutorily protected activity; (2) she experienced an adverse employment action; and (3) there is a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse action. Daugherty v. Mikart, Inc., 205 Fed.Appx. 826, 827 (11th Cir.2006) (quoting Hurlbert v. St. Mary's Health Care Sys., Inc., 439 F.3d 1286, 1297 (11th Cir.2006)). Close temporal proximity between the protected conduct and the adverse employment action is generally sufficient circumstantial evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact as to the causal connection, however this alone may not be sufficient to establish pretext. Id. (quoting Hurlbert, 439 F.3d at 1298 (11th Cir.2006)).
If the plaintiff established a prima facie case, then the burden shifts to the employer to set forth legitimate, non-retaliatory reasons for the adverse employment action. Id. (citing Hurlbert, 439 F.3d at 1297 (11th Cir.2006)). If the employer sets forth a legitimate, non-retaliatory reason, then the plaintiff must show that she will be able to demonstrate at trial that the employer's reasons for the action were pretextual. Id. (citing Stewart v. Happy Herman's Cheshire Bridge, Inc., 117 F.3d 1278, 1287 (11th Cir.1997)).
"Pretext is only proven if `it is shown both that the reason was false, and that discrimination was the real reason behind the challenged action.'" Id. (quoting St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks, 509 U.S. 502, 515, 113 S.Ct. 2742, 125 L.Ed.2d 407 (1993)). "`This evidence must reveal
Even assuming that the Plaintiff established the first two elements of a prima facie case, that Ms. Olson engaged in a statutorily protected activity, and she experienced an adverse employment action, the Plaintiff has failed to show any evidence that there is a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse action. As the Plaintiff argues, there is no dispute that the Hospital was aware that Ms. Olson was approved for FMLA leave. She was on FMLA leave when she was promoted to TNR Coordinator. It is also undisputed that Ms. Olson was removed as TNR Coordinator while approved for FMLA leave. Ms. Olson was approved for FMLA leave on February 4, 2009, and the decision to remove Ms. Olson from her position as TNR Coordinator was made on August 27, 2009, which is not in close temporal proximity. The Defendants have set forth legitimate non-retaliatory reasons for removing Ms. Olson as TNR Coordinator which were listed in Hawthorne's Extension form and Bacon's chart. The burden has shifted to the Plaintiff to show that these reasons were pretextual. The Plaintiff concludes that because the Defendants were aware of Ms. Olson being on FMLA leave, and she was terminated while on leave, there is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether the Defendants retaliated against her. However, the Plaintiff has failed to show that any of the stated reasons were false or that discrimination was the real reason behind the decision to remove her from her position.
The Plaintiff alleges that she has established an FMLA interference claim. To establish an FMLA interference claim, the employee "need only show that his employer interfered with or denied him an FMLA benefit to which he is entitled." Leach v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 431 Fed.Appx. 771, 776 (11th Cir.2011). The employer's motivations are immaterial. Id. (citing Strickland v. Water Works & Sewer Bd., 239 F.3d 1199, 1208 (11th Cir.2001)). "However, if, the employee alleges that the employer denied the employee the right to reinstatement following FMLA leave, `the employer has an opportunity to demonstrate it would have discharged the employee even had she not been on FMLA leave.'" Id., (quoting O'Connor v. PCA Family Health Plan, Inc., 200 F.3d 1349, 1354 (11th Cir.2000)). If an employer can show that the reasons why an employee was not reinstated to a position was "wholly unrelated to FMLA leave" then an employer is not liable. Id.
The Plaintiff argues that Ms. Olson had the right under the FMLA to be restored to her position of employment held by her when the FMLA leave commenced, citing to 29 U.S.C. § 2614(a)(1)(A) and 29 C.F.R. § 825.214(a). It is undisputed that Ms. Olson was approved for FMLA leave prior to being promoted to TNR Coordinator. The Plaintiff asks the Court to treat this case as if Ms. Olson held the TNR position prior to the FMLA leave commencing. The Court must accept the facts as supported by the declarations, depositions and documents in the case, and cannot change the facts to fit into the case law provided. When Ms. Olson was approved for FMLA leave, she was an Administrative Assistant in TNR. She was promoted
The Defendants argue that the Plaintiff's intentional infliction of emotional distress is premised on Ms. Olson's removal as TNR Coordinator, and the Defendants' failure to provide an unidentified accommodation. The Defendants argue that even in the light most favorable to the Plaintiff, there is no support for the outrageous conduct that is required to sustain a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress. The Plaintiff argues that the Defendants' conduct was extreme and outrageous when the Defendant removed Ms. Olson as TNR Coordinator because it "would increase her stress and possibly increase the effects of her breast cancer." (Doc. 47, p. 18).
The elements of a claim for intentional infliction are "(1) deliberate or reckless infliction of metal suffering; (2) outrageous conduct; (3) the conduct caused the emotional distress; and (4) the distress was severe. Additionally, the conduct must be so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, that it is considered atrocious [] and utterly intolerable in a civilized community." (internal quotation marks omitted), Thomas v. Hospital Bd. of Directors of Lee County, 41 So.3d 246, 256 (Fla. 2d DCA 2010) (citing Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. v. Steadman, 968 So.2d 592, 594 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007) and quoting Ponton v. Scarfone, 468 So.2d 1009, 1011 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985)).
The Court will focus on whether the Defendants conduct was "outrageous." The question of whether conduct amounts to "outrageous" is a question of law, not a question of fact. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Steadman, 968 So.2d 592, 595 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007). If a person is peculiarly susceptible to emotional distress, and the other person knows it, then this second person's conduct may become heartless, flagrant, and outrageous, if the second person decides to proceed in the face of such knowledge. Id. (false statements made at funeral to grieving loved one requiring the decedent to have a second autopsy is sufficient outrageous conduct to meet the standard for intentional infliction of emotional distress). However, the Court must view the conduct objectively to determine whether the conduct is "atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community." (internal quotation marks omitted), Liberty Mut. Ins. Co. v. Steadman, 968 So.2d 592, 595 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007). The subjective response by the person affected does not control. Matsumoto v. American Burial
The standard on a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress is high in the employment realm and strongly disfavored. Williams v. Davey Tree Expert Co., 2011 WL 4055601 *8 (M.D.Fla. Sept. 13, 2011) (citing Martz v. Munroe Reg'l Med. Ctr., Inc., 2007 WL 2044247, *2-3, 2007 U.S. Dist. Lexis 49561, *6-7 (M.D.Fla. July 10, 2007)). "Moreover, given the disfavored status of such claims in employment actions, Florida courts will not find the Defendant's conduct to be `outrageous' unless such conduct involves persistent verbal abuse coupled with repeated offensive physical contact." Id. Here, the Plaintiff failed to allege any verbal or physical abuse, and certainly no persistent verbal or physical abuse. The only action that the Plaintiff alleges was done by the Defendants was the removal of Ms. Olson from her position as TNR Coordinator without telling her why, and even assuming that this is correct, this conduct does not constitute verbal or physical abuse, and does not rise to the level of "outrageous." Therefore, the Plaintiff has failed to establish a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress and this claim must be dismissed.
The Defendant argues that because the Plaintiff's claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress fails, the Plaintiff cannot bring a claim for negligence as a claim for negligence must be based on a common law tort. Further, the Defendants assert that the Plaintiff's negligence claims must be dismissed under Florida's Impact Rule. "`Negligent retention and supervision occurs when, during the course of employment, the employer becomes aware, or should have become aware, of problems with an employee that indicates his unfitness, and the employer fails to take further action such as investigation, discharge, or reassignment.'" Pineda v. PRC, LLC, 2011 WL 3022564 *2 (S.D.Fla. July 22, 2011) (citing Grice v. Air Prods. and Chem., Inc., 2000 WL 353010, at *15 (N.D.Fla. Feb. 17, 2000) (citing Tallahassee Furniture Co. Inc. v. Harrison, 583 So.2d 744, 753 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991))). To allege negligent supervision or retention the underlying wrong must be a common law tort. Id. (citation omitted). Even if the intentional infliction of emotional distress claim was viable, the Plaintiff's negligent supervision and retention claim fails under the Florida Impact Rule.
Under Florida's Impact Rule, to recover damages for mental or emotional distress for a negligence claim, the injury must flow from a physical injury or physical impact. Freese v. Wuesthoff Health System, Inc., 2006 WL 1382111 *9 (M.D.Fla. May 19, 2006), Willis v. Gami Golden Glades, LLC, 967 So.2d 846, 850 (Fla.2007). If the plaintiff has suffered a physical impact from an external force, then the impact rule does not apply. However, if the plaintiff never suffered an impact, the mental or emotional distress, must be manifested by physical injury, and the plaintiff must suffer this physical injury within a short time of the incident. Willis, 967 So.2d at 850 (quoting Eagle-Picher Indus., Inc., 481 So.2d 517, 526 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985)). In the instant case, the Plaintiff failed to allege an impact. Further, the Plaintiff argues that "it may be reasonable to conclude that Ms. Olson's severe emotional distress caused her breast cancer to worsen and might have even caused her death. The worsening of Mrs. Olson's breast cancer may have caused further emotional distress which is not barred by the impact rule." (Doc. 47, p. 19). The Plaintiff fails to cite to any evidence that the Defendants' actions
1) The Defendants' Dispositive Motion for Summary Judgment (Doc. 41) is hereby
2) The Clerk is directed to enter Judgment in Defendants' favor, and thereafter, terminate all pending motions and deadlines, and close this case.
FED.R.EVID. 807.